* {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }

        html {
            scroll-behavior: smooth;
        }

        body {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            background-color: white;
        }

        .navbar {
            background-color: white;
            padding: 20px 0;
            z-index: 1000;
        }

        .nav-container {
            max-width: 1200px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0 20px;
            display: flex;
            justify-content: flex-end;
            align-items: center;
        }

        .nav-menu {
            display: flex;
            list-style: none;
            gap: 60px;
        }

        .nav-item {
            position: relative;
        }

        .nav-link {
            text-decoration: none;
            color: rgb(34, 42, 47);
            font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;
            font-size: 16px;
            font-weight: 400;
            padding: 10px 0;
            position: relative;
            transition: color 0.3s ease;
        }

        .nav-link::after {
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            bottom: -5px;
            left: 0;
            width: 0;
            height: 3px;
            background-color: #ff6b35;
            transition: width 0.3s ease;
        }

        .nav-link:hover::after,
        .nav-link.active::after {
            width: 100%;
        }

        .nav-link:hover {
            color: #ff6b35;
        }

        /* Hamburger menu styles */
        .hamburger {
            display: none;
            flex-direction: column;
            cursor: pointer;
            padding: 5px;
        }

        .hamburger span {
            width: 25px;
            height: 3px;
            background-color: rgb(34, 42, 47);
            margin: 3px 0;
            transition: 0.3s;
        }

        .hamburger.active span:nth-child(1) {
            transform: rotate(-45deg) translate(-5px, 6px);
        }

        .hamburger.active span:nth-child(2) {
            opacity: 0;
        }

        .hamburger.active span:nth-child(3) {
            transform: rotate(45deg) translate(-5px, -6px);
        }

        /* Mobile styles */
        @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
            .nav-container {
                justify-content: space-between;
            }

            .hamburger {
                display: flex;
            }

            .nav-menu {
                position: fixed;
                left: -100%;
                top: 70px;
                flex-direction: column;
                background-color: white;
                width: 100%;
                text-align: center;
                transition: 0.3s;
                box-shadow: none;
                padding: 20px 0;
                gap: 0;
                z-index: 1000;
            }

            .nav-menu.active {
                left: 0;
            }

            .nav-item {
                margin: 15px 0;
            }

            .nav-link {
                font-size: 18px;
                display: block;
                padding: 15px;
            }

            .nav-link::after {
                bottom: 5px;
            }
        }

        /* Tablet styles */
        @media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
            .nav-menu {
                gap: 40px;
            }
        }

        /* Hero Section */
        .hero {
            position: relative;
            width: 100vw;
            left: 50%;
            right: 50%;
            margin-left: -50vw;
            margin-right: -50vw;
            overflow: hidden;
        }

        .hero-background {
            position: relative;
            width: 100%;
            background-color: white;
        }

        .hero-background img {
            width: auto;
            height: auto;
            max-width: 100%;
            display: block;
            opacity: 0;
        }

        .hero-background::after {
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            background-image: url('../images/profile_image.jpg');
            background-position: top right;
            background-repeat: no-repeat;
            background-size: auto;
            background-color: white;
        }

        .hero-content {
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 45%;
            transform: translateX(-50%);
            max-width: 1200px;
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            padding: 0 20px;
            z-index: 2;
        }

        .hero-grid {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
            gap: 0;
            width: 100%;
            align-items: center;
            height: 100%;
        }

        .hero-text {
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
        }

        .hero-title {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            font-size: 5rem;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: rgb(34, 42, 47);
            margin-bottom: 40px;
            line-height: 1.1;
            text-align: center;
        }

        .hero-name {
            color: #ff6b35;
        }

        .hero-image {
            display: none;
        }

        /* Desktop hero image styling */
        @media screen and (min-width: 769px) {
            .hero-background::after {
                display: none; /* Hide the old background image */
            }

            .hero-image {
                display: block;
                position: absolute;
                top: 50%;
                right: -5%;
                transform: translateY(-50%);
                width: 400px; /* Default fallback */
                z-index: -1;
            }

            .hero-image img {
                width: 100%;
                height: auto;
                aspect-ratio: 650/550;
                object-fit: cover;
            }
        }

        /* Social Icons CSS */
        .social-container {
            margin-top: 0.5em;
        }

        .social-icons {
            list-style: none;
            padding: 0;
            margin: 0;
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            gap: 2em;
        }

        .social-icons li {
            display: inline-block;
        }

        .social-icons a {
            display: inline-flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
            width: 50px;
            height: 50px;
            background-color: #999999; /* #1E3E62; */
            color: white !important;
            border-radius: 50%;
            text-decoration: none !important;
            transition: all 0.3s ease;
            font-size: 1.6em;
        }

        .social-icons a:hover {
            background-color: #ff6b35;
            color: white !important;
            transform: translateY(-2px);
        }

        /* Responsive design */
        @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
            .hero {
                position: relative;
                background: none;
                overflow: visible;
            }

            .hero-background {
                display: none;
            }

            .hero-content {
                position: relative;
                height: auto;
                padding: 20px;
                transform: none;
                left: auto;
                max-width: 100%;
            }

            .hero-grid {
                display: flex;
                flex-direction: column;
                gap: 30px;
                text-align: center;
                height: auto;
                padding: 0;
                align-items: center;
            }

            .hero-text {
                order: 1;
                width: 100%;
            }

            .hero-title {
                font-size: 2.5rem;
                color: rgb(34, 42, 47);
                background: none;
                padding: 0;
                border-radius: 0;
                margin-bottom: 20px;
            }

            .social-container {
                background: none;
                padding: 0;
                border-radius: 0;
                margin: 0 auto;
                width: 100%;
                max-width: 300px;
                text-align: center;
            }



            .hero-image {
                display: block;
                order: 2;
                width: 100%;
                margin-top: 20px;
            }

            .hero-image img {
                width: 100%;
                height: auto;
                display: block;
                opacity: 1;
            }
        }

        @media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
            .hero-title {
                font-size: 3rem;
            }
        }



        /* About Me Section */
        .about {
            position: relative;
            width: 100vw;
            left: 50%;
            right: 50%;
            margin-left: -50vw;
            margin-right: -50vw;
            min-height: 60vh;
            background-image: url('../images/man-standing-hill-climb-flipped.jpg');
            background-position: center;
            background-repeat: no-repeat;
            background-size: cover;
            background-color: white;
        }

        .about-content {
            position: relative;
            max-width: 1200px;
            width: 100%;
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 80px 20px;
            min-height: 60vh;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
        }

        .about-grid {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
            gap: 0;
            width: 100%;
            align-items: center;
            min-height: calc(100vh - 160px);
        }

        .about-text {
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            color: white;
            background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
            padding: 40px;
            border-radius: 8px;
        }

        .about-title {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            font-size: 3rem;
            font-weight: 600;
            color: white;
            margin-bottom: 30px;
            position: relative;
        }

        .about-title::after {
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            bottom: -10px;
            left: 0;
            width: 60px;
            height: 4px;
            background-color: #ff6b35;
        }

        .about-subtitle {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            font-size: 1.3rem;
            font-weight: 400;
            color: #e0e0e0;
            margin-bottom: 30px;
            line-height: 1.5;
        }

        .about-description {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            font-size: 1rem;
            font-weight: 400;
            color: #d0d0d0;
            line-height: 1.7;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        /* Responsive About Section */
        @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
            .about {
                min-height: auto;
                padding: 40px 0;
            }

            .about-content {
                min-height: auto;
                padding: 40px 20px;
            }

            .about-grid {
                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
                gap: 40px;
                text-align: center;
                min-height: auto;
            }

            .about-title {
                font-size: 2.5rem;
            }

            .about-subtitle {
                font-size: 1.1rem;
            }
        }

        @media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
            .about-title {
                font-size: 2.7rem;
            }
        }

        /* Timeline Section */
        .timeline {
            position: relative;
            width: 100vw;
            left: 50%;
            right: 50%;
            margin-left: -50vw;
            margin-right: -50vw;
            min-height: 100vh;
            padding: 80px 0;
            background-image: url('../images/timeline.jpg');
            background-position: center;
            background-repeat: no-repeat;
            background-size: cover;
            background-color: #1a1a1a;
        }

        .timeline-content {
            position: relative;
            max-width: 1200px;
            width: 100%;
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0 20px;
        }

        .timeline-header {
            text-align: center;
            margin-bottom: 80px;
        }

        .timeline-title {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            font-size: 3rem;
            font-weight: 600;
            color: white;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            position: relative;
            display: inline-block;
        }

        .timeline-title::after {
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            bottom: -10px;
            left: 50%;
            transform: translateX(-50%);
            width: 60px;
            height: 4px;
            background-color: #ff6b35;
        }

        .timeline-grid {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
            gap: 40px;
            width: 100%;
            align-items: start;
        }

        .timeline-item {
            background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8));
            padding: 30px;
            border-radius: 8px;
            color: white;
        }

        .timeline-item:nth-child(1) {
            margin-top: 200px;
        }

        .timeline-item:nth-child(2) {
            margin-top: 100px;
        }

        .timeline-item:nth-child(3) {
            margin-top: 200px;
        }

        .timeline-item:nth-child(4) {
            margin-top: 150px;
        }

        .timeline-item-logo {
            width: 120px;
            height: 120px;
            margin: 0 auto 20px auto;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
        }

        .timeline-item-logo img {
            max-width: 100%;
            max-height: 100%;
            object-fit: contain;
        }

        .timeline-item-dates {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            color: #ff6b35;
            font-weight: 500;
        }

        .timeline-item-description {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            font-size: 1rem;
            color: #d0d0d0;
            line-height: 1.6;
        }

        /* Responsive Timeline Section */
        @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
            .timeline-grid {
                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
                gap: 20px;
            }

            .timeline-item:nth-child(1),
            .timeline-item:nth-child(2),
            .timeline-item:nth-child(3),
            .timeline-item:nth-child(4) {
                margin-top: 0;
            }

            .timeline-title {
                font-size: 2.5rem;
            }
        }

        @media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
            .timeline-grid {
                grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
            }

            .timeline-title {
                font-size: 2.7rem;
            }
        }

        /* Projects and Essays Section */
        .projects {
            position: relative;
            width: 100vw;
            left: 50%;
            right: 50%;
            margin-left: -50vw;
            margin-right: -50vw;
            min-height: 100vh;
            padding: 80px 0;
            background-image: url('../images/circuit_board.jpg');
            background-position: center;
            background-repeat: no-repeat;
            background-size: cover;
            background-color: #1a1a1a;
        }

        .projects-content {
            position: relative;
            max-width: 1200px;
            width: 100%;
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0 20px;
        }

        .projects-header {
            text-align: center;
            margin-bottom: 80px;
        }

        .projects-title {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            font-size: 3rem;
            font-weight: 600;
            color: white;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            position: relative;
            display: inline-block;
        }

        .projects-title::after {
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            bottom: -10px;
            left: 50%;
            transform: translateX(-50%);
            width: 60px;
            height: 4px;
            background-color: #ff6b35;
        }

        .projects-swiper {
            width: 100%;
            padding: 20px 0;
            height: auto;
        }

        .swiper-slide {
            height: auto;
            display: flex;
        }

        .project-card {
            background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
            border-radius: 8px;
            overflow: hidden;
            transition: transform 0.3s ease;
            height: auto;
            min-height: 400px;
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
        }

        .project-card-content {
            flex: 1;
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            padding: 30px;
            justify-content: flex-start;
        }

        .project-card-description {
            flex: 1;
            overflow: hidden;
        }

        /* Swiper navigation buttons */
        .swiper-button-next,
        .swiper-button-prev {
            color: #ff6b35;
            background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
            border-radius: 50% !important;
            width: 40px !important;
            height: 40px !important;
            min-width: 40px !important;
            min-height: 40px !important;
            max-width: 40px !important;
            max-height: 40px !important;
            position: static !important;
            margin: 0 !important;
            transform: none !important;
            font-size: 12px;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
            left: auto !important;
            right: auto !important;
            top: auto !important;
            margin-top: 0 !important;
            box-sizing: border-box !important;
            padding: 0 !important;
            border: none !important;
        }

        /* Target Swiper's pseudo-elements for the arrows */
        .swiper-button-next::after,
        .swiper-button-prev::after {
            font-size: 12px !important;
            font-weight: bold;
        }

        .swiper-button-next:hover,
        .swiper-button-prev:hover {
            background-color: #ff6b35;
            color: white;
        }

        /* Swiper pagination */
        .swiper-pagination {
            position: static;
            margin: 0;
        }

        .swiper-pagination-bullet {
            background-color: rgba(255, 107, 53, 0.3);
            width: 12px;
            height: 12px;
            margin: 0 4px;
            opacity: 0.7;
        }

        .swiper-pagination-bullet-active {
            background-color: #ff6b35;
            opacity: 1;
            transform: scale(1.2);
        }

        /* Navigation and pagination container */
        .swiper-controls {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 15px;
            margin-top: 30px;
            padding: 20px 0;
            flex-wrap: nowrap;
        }

        /* Mobile responsive adjustments for Swiper */
        @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
            .swiper-button-next,
            .swiper-button-prev {
                width: 35px !important;
                height: 35px !important;
                min-width: 35px !important;
                min-height: 35px !important;
                max-width: 35px !important;
                max-height: 35px !important;
                font-size: 10px;
            }

            .swiper-button-next::after,
            .swiper-button-prev::after {
                font-size: 10px !important;
            }
            
            .swiper-controls {
                margin-top: 20px;
                gap: 12px;
            }

            .swiper-pagination-bullet {
                width: 10px;
                height: 10px;
                margin: 0 3px;
            }

            .project-card {
                height: auto;
                min-height: 350px;
            }
        }

        .project-card:hover {
            transform: translateY(-5px);
        }

        .project-card:hover .project-card-image {
            filter: grayscale(0%);
        }

        .project-card-image {
            width: 100%;
            aspect-ratio: 1/1;
            background-color: #333;
            background-size: cover;
            background-position: center;
            filter: grayscale(100%);
            transition: filter 0.3s ease;
        }

        .project-card-content {
            padding: 30px;
        }

        .project-card-header {
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: row;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }

        .coming-soon-badge {
            display: inline-block;
            background-color: #666666;
            color: white;
            font-size: 0.6rem;
            font-weight: 600;
            padding: 2px 6px;
            border-radius: 8px;
            text-transform: uppercase;
            letter-spacing: 0.5px;
            align-self: flex-start;
            transform: translateY(-2px);
            vertical-align: super;
        }

        .project-card-title {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            font-size: 1.3rem;
            font-weight: 600;
            color: white;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }

        .project-card-description {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            color: #d0d0d0;
            line-height: 1.6;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }



        /* Responsive Projects Section */
        @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
            .project-card {
                flex: 0 0 100%;
                min-width: 100%;
            }

            .projects-title {
                font-size: 2.5rem;
            }

            .project-card-image {
                aspect-ratio: 1/1;
            }


        }

        @media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
            .projects-title {
                font-size: 2.7rem;
            }
        }

        /* Publications & Patents Section */
        .publications {
            position: relative;
            width: 100vw;
            left: 50%;
            right: 50%;
            margin-left: -50vw;
            margin-right: -50vw;
            background-color: #000000;
            padding: 80px 0;
        }

        .publications-content {
            max-width: 1200px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0 20px;
        }

        .publications-header {
            text-align: center;
            margin-bottom: 80px;
        }

        .publications-title {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            font-size: 3rem;
            font-weight: 600;
            color: white;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            position: relative;
            display: inline-block;
        }

        .publications-title::after {
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            bottom: -10px;
            left: 50%;
            transform: translateX(-50%);
            width: 60px;
            height: 4px;
            background-color: #ff6b35;
        }

        #publications ul {
            border-top: 1px solid #202020;
            color: rgb(242, 239, 233);
            list-style: none;
            padding: 0;
            margin: 0;
        }

        #publications li {
            padding-top: 10px;
            padding-bottom: 10px;
            border-bottom: 1px solid #202020;
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            align-items: flex-start;
            gap: 20px;
        }

        #publications .title {
            font-size: 18px;
            display: inline;
            color: rgb(242, 239, 233);
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            flex: 1;
        }

        #publications .extra {
            display: inline;
            font-style: italic;
            color: gray;
            text-align: right;
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            font-size: 14px;
        }

        #publications .download {
            display: inline;
        }

        #publications .download > a {
            vertical-align: super;
            font-size: 13px;
            display: inline;
            color: gray;
            text-decoration-style: dotted;
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
        }

        /* Responsive Publications Section */
        @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
            .publications-title {
                font-size: 2.5rem;
            }

            #publications li {
                flex-direction: column;
                gap: 10px;
            }

            #publications .extra {
                text-align: left;
            }

            #publications .title {
                font-size: 16px;
            }
        }

        @media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
            .publications-title {
                font-size: 2.7rem;
            }
        }